Synchronizing between coprocessors is now the job of the application. And Metal is pretty well-rounded but is the domain of Apple.ģD rendering has always been a mess, but now it's even worse because tiles exist, data bandwidth is crazy expensive, and game revs need more fidelity and FPS than ever before. Nobody likes Vulkan but it's there on Android and Stadia and Linux and is pretty mediocre there. The original engineers who designed Mantle left their parent company over design disagreements to go join Apple, who also had a vested interest in getting rid of OpenGL but had little desire to use gl-next.
Mobile GPU vendors get invo.ved and turn the design into a mess. But Mantle vendor wanted to shake things up and submitted Mantle to Khronos, the organization that standardizes OpenGL, to form the basis for the "gl-next" initiative. It's an API that is so backwards and difficult that nobody likes it from the driver or the application perspective, but given that this vendor had the best drivers for it, they didn't want to lose it. Meanwhile, the vendor with the super fancy drivers had a pretty major chokehold on OpenGL, which is just an absolute terrible mess of a bad API. But given that Xbox wanted performance, Microsoft was I intrigued and worked closely with that vendor to design the next-generation Direct3D API. But it was pretty specific to how their hardware and GPUs worked. Another vendor, sick of having to turn their driver into a rocket engine, found common ground with some game developers, and made a prototype, Mantle, which showed real-world performance gains on game content. One vendor's D3D11 drivers are pretty notorious for being incredibly invasive to your game in the goal of speed, making it difficult to ship content that was consistent across devices. Having shipped a few games, drivers are indeed a terrible curse. Which do exactly what you tell them to at the hardware, no sugar coating or drivers in the way. The revisionist history: AAA game developers are used to console APIs. The game revs ruined it for everyone else )
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